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Iron deficiency anemia is a condition where there is anemia and a clear evidence of iron deficiency. It is categorized under ‘Hypoproliferative Anemias’. Stages: Stage of negative iron balance – The demand (or loss) for Iron exceeds that of the body’s capacity to absorb from the diet. Most common causes of the above condition are pregnancy, blood loss from bleeding, growth spurts in adolescence. Blood loss of 25-30 micrograms/dL can exceed the total body’s capacity to absorb iron from diet. The iron from reticulo-endothelial system and other iron stores is utilized. In this condition, iron in stores like ferritin or stainable iron in bone marrow decrease. As long as iron stores are present and mobilized, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) red cell protoporphyrin levels remain normal. At this stage, RBC morphology and indices are normal. Stage of Iron deficient erythopoiesis – When the iron stores are depleted, TIBC and red cell protoporphyrin levels increase. Marrow i...

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. Anxiety - Is defined as "Subjective sense of unease, dread or foreboding, can indicate a primary psychiatric disorder or can be a component of, or a reaction to a primary medical disease. Panic disorder - Defined as recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks which are distinct episodes of intense fear and discomfort associated with a variety of physical symptoms including palpitations, sweating, trembling shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness and a fear of impeding doom or death,Paresthesias, gastrointestinal distress, air hunger and feelings of unreality are common. First attack is usually outside the home.Onset is usually in late adolescence to early adulthood.Anticipatory anxiety occurs in some people leading to generalized fear and avoidance of places or situations where panic attack may recur. Panic attack occurs suddenly over a period of 10 mins and resolving over a period of one hour.The attacks usually occur in an unexpec...