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Mnemonic: DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchoconstriction Excitation (Muscle, CNS)- Nicotinic effects Lacrimation Salivation Sweating Fata Dose: TEPP- 50mg- IM or 100mg- Orally OMPA 80mg IM or 175mg Orally Parathion 80mg IM or 175mg Orally HETP 60mg IM or 350mg Orally Malathion and Diazinon 1gm Orally Cause of Death: Paralysis of respiratory muscles, respiratory failure and intense bronchoconstriction. Management: For Muscaranic effects- Atropine is drug of choice (Tachycardia is not a contraindication for atropine administration) For Regeneration of AchE- Pralidoxime (2-PAM) Time dependent aging requires administration of PAM as soon as possible.

Diagnosis of sperm DNA integrity of semen sample is important for consistently high reproductive efficiency. The conventional parameters of semen analysis take into account morphology, motility, and concentration of spermatozoa in the sample, which are insufficient for evaluation of reproductive potential. Current studies have implicated abnormal organization of genomic material in sperms as a probable cause in 20 per cent cases of male infertility. This is especially important in the era of assisted reproduction technique (ART) when a majority of infertile couples opt for assisted reproduction and in where cases DNA integrity is a better diagnostic and prognostic marker as compared to routine semen analysis. This article reviews and discusses some of the current techniques employed for evaluating chromatin structure or DNA damage in spermatozoa. These different techniques include single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay), Terminal tranferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL), sperm ...